\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}

%\usepackage{nameref}
\usepackage{varioref}
%\usepackage{nameref}
\usepackage{hyperref}

\renewcommand*{\thesection}{\alph{section}}

\begin{document}
\section{Test}
\label{sec"test}
ref: [\ref{foo"bar}] [\ref*{foo"bar}]\\
pageref: [\pageref{foo"bar}] [\pageref*{foo"bar}]\\
Ref: [\Ref{foo"bar}] [\Ref*{foo"bar}]\\
vref: [\vref{foo"bar}] [\vref*{foo"bar}]\\
Vref: [\Vref{foo"bar}] [\Vref*{foo"bar}]

ref: [\ref{sec"test}] [\ref*{sec"test}]\\
pageref: [\pageref{sec"test}] [\pageref*{sec"test}]\\
Ref: [\Ref{sec"test}] [\Ref*{sec"test}]\\
vref: [\vref{sec"test}] [\vref*{sec"test}]\\
Vref: [\Vref{sec"test}] [\Vref*{sec"test}]

\newpage
\section{Foobar}
\label{foo"bar}
\end{document}